Task 1
Intercultural Design-Final project
03/2/2026-18/3/2026 (Week 1-Week 7)
ZHANG YUNQI, 0390947
Intercultural Design (group 28)
Table of Contents:
Task 1: Proposal (Week 1-Week3)
Task 2:Field Study Data Collection (Week 4-Week 5)
Task 3:Final Project & Portfolio (Week 6- Week7)
Reflection
Feedback
Task 1: Proposal (Week 1-Week3)
Theme interpretation:
Our project theme is 'Designing Urban Futures,' which aims to address the challenges cities face and propose sustainable solutions. We selected Kuala Lumpur as our study city because it is currently experiencing severe traffic congestion. Research shows that the main causes of congestion include the tropical climate, heavy reliance on private cars, limited road capacity, and peak-hour traffic.
To address these issues, we have proposed three interconnected solutions:
Idea, the Highway Toll Plazas App, which integrates GPS-based smart route planning, license plate registration, and online prepayment of tolls and parking fees, allowing vehicles to pass without stopping and thereby reducing delays caused by physical barriers; Idea, the Intelligent Bus Stop, which improves public transport reliability and passenger experience through data analysis and site selection, structural optimization, and human-centered facility upgrades; Idea3, the Smart Adaptive Ramp Gate 2.0, which uses Al to predict traffic flow, manage tiered vehicle access, implement a heavy rain safety mode, and control queue lengths, effectively easing bottlenecks at highway entrances.
These three solutions all take into account Kuala Lumpur's urban planning and climate characteristics, combining smart technology, real-time data, and user-centred design to build a more efficient, flexible, and sustainable urban transport system, which not only addresses current traffic problems but also provides guidance for future urban development.
1: For the Proposal idea 1 (Highway toll plazas Application) (YaoYunYi/Faiqa Roshan)
Idea, the Highway Toll Plazas App, which integrates GPS-based smart route planning, license plate registration, and online prepayment of tolls and parking fees, allowing vehicles to pass without stopping and thereby reducing delays caused by physical barriers; Idea, the Intelligent Bus Stop, which improves public transport reliability and passenger experience through data analysis and site selection, structural optimization, and human-centered facility upgrades; Idea3, the Smart Adaptive Ramp Gate 2.0, which uses Al to predict traffic flow, manage tiered vehicle access, implement a heavy rain safety mode, and control queue lengths, effectively easing bottlenecks at highway entrances.
These three solutions all take into account Kuala Lumpur's urban planning and climate characteristics, combining smart technology, real-time data, and user-centred design to build a more efficient, flexible, and sustainable urban transport system, which not only addresses current traffic problems but also provides guidance for future urban development.
1: For the Proposal idea 1 (Highway toll plazas Application) (YaoYunYi/Faiqa Roshan)
Rationale：
Since our theme focuses on alleviating traffic congestion in Kuala Lumpur, we identified a specific issue at highway toll plazas: congestion often occurs due to the limitations of the current barrier gate system. For example, traffic flow can be delayed when drivers experience problems with their Touch ’n Go cards, such as insufficient balance, card malfunction, or forgetting to reload. These small individual delays can quickly accumulate during peak hours, resulting in long queues and increased highway congestion. As highlighted by Ziet Invests (2022), drivers may wait up to 20 minutes only to find that their RFID system is not functioning or their Touch ’n Go card has insufficient balance.
From an Urban Futures and Design perspective, this issue is not merely technical—it highlights how the city’s mobility system affects user behaviour and overall traffic flow. A future smart city should implement intelligent toll systems, data-driven traffic management, and user-friendly applications to reduce human-induced delays, improve road efficiency, and guide citizens toward more rational and sustainable travel habits, ultimately enhancing urban mobility and quality of life.
Research citations (1 & 2):
Citation 1: To address traffic congestion, we examined Singapore’s Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system and China’s Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system as references. Singapore’s ERP operates through a fully electronic and automated charging mechanism that allows vehicles to pass without stopping, thereby reducing delays caused by physical barriers and improving traffic flow. Similarly, China’s ETC system follows an ‘entry record and exit settlement’ model, linking on-board units to payment accounts and automatically calculating and deducting toll fees upon exit. Inspired by these systems, our proposal explores the implementation of a smarter and contactless tolling approach in Kuala Lumpur to reduce bottlenecks and enhance overall transportation efficiency.
From an Urban Futures and Design perspective, this issue is not merely technical—it highlights how the city’s mobility system affects user behaviour and overall traffic flow. A future smart city should implement intelligent toll systems, data-driven traffic management, and user-friendly applications to reduce human-induced delays, improve road efficiency, and guide citizens toward more rational and sustainable travel habits, ultimately enhancing urban mobility and quality of life.
Research citations (1 & 2):
Citation 1: To address traffic congestion, we examined Singapore’s Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system and China’s Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system as references. Singapore’s ERP operates through a fully electronic and automated charging mechanism that allows vehicles to pass without stopping, thereby reducing delays caused by physical barriers and improving traffic flow. Similarly, China’s ETC system follows an ‘entry record and exit settlement’ model, linking on-board units to payment accounts and automatically calculating and deducting toll fees upon exit. Inspired by these systems, our proposal explores the implementation of a smarter and contactless tolling approach in Kuala Lumpur to reduce bottlenecks and enhance overall transportation efficiency.
Citation 2: In addition, we also examined China’s Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) system. This system uses cameras to automatically identify vehicle license plate numbers and link them to pre-registered payment accounts. When vehicles enter or exit parking facilities or designated areas, the system automatically records the time, calculates the fee, and deducts payment through mobile payment platforms, enabling a seamless and contactless payment process without stopping or manual intervention. Due to its efficiency and convenience, we consider this technology highly valuable and have therefore incorporated it into our system design.
2: For the Proposal idea 2 (Intelligent bus stop)(ShenYiTong /MiaoShiKai)
Rationale:
This idea aims to reduce traffic congestion in Kuala Lumpur by improving the bus stop system. Currently, public transport usage remains low, with only about 15–25% of commuters using it, while most rely on private cars (Malay Mail, 2025; WapCar, 2023). One key issue is limited coverage, as only around 55% of the Klang Valley is served by public transport (BusinessToday, 2024). In addition, bus frequency is low, with many routes having waiting times of over 30 minutes (BusinessToday, 2024). Bus stop facilities are also inadequate; studies show that many stops lack basic amenities such as shelter, seating, and lighting, reducing comfort and safety (Khazanah Research Institute, 2025). These problems decrease public trust and lead to greater dependence on private vehicles, worsening congestion and emissions. Therefore, a more flexible and user-centred bus stop system is needed.
Research citations:
To alleviate the increasingly severe traffic congestion in Kuala Lumpur, we have drawn on the practical experiences of Spain, Sweden and Denmark in optimizing the public transportation network and adjusting the flexibility of bus stops. We explore how to enhance the attractiveness and utilization rate of the public transportation system by optimizing the layout of bus stops and the design of waiting environments without building large-scale infrastructure, thereby reducing the reliance on private cars. Improve the urban transportation structure.
Research citations:
To alleviate the increasingly severe traffic congestion in Kuala Lumpur, we have drawn on the practical experiences of Spain, Sweden and Denmark in optimizing the public transportation network and adjusting the flexibility of bus stops. We explore how to enhance the attractiveness and utilization rate of the public transportation system by optimizing the layout of bus stops and the design of waiting environments without building large-scale infrastructure, thereby reducing the reliance on private cars. Improve the urban transportation structure.
1: Barcelona—Spain
Instead of making mechanical stops at every station, the stop logic is optimized according to the actual passenger flow demand, thereby reducing the ineffective waiting time and improving the overall operation speed and punctuality rate.
Instead of making mechanical stops at every station, the stop logic is optimized according to the actual passenger flow demand, thereby reducing the ineffective waiting time and improving the overall operation speed and punctuality rate.
2: Stockholm—Sweden (DRT System)
In suburban and low-density areas, a flexible structure of "main station + auxiliary stopping area" is adopted. The system analyzes traffic conditions to adjust the station density and stopping strategy, making resource allocation more reasonable.
3:Copenhagen—Denmark
Strengthen site lighting, safety reminders and environmental comfort improvement. Enhance the sense of security and waiting comfort at night, and increase the public's trust in and willingness to use public transportation.
3: For the Proposal idea 3 (Smart Adaptive Ramp Gate 2.0)(WangYuHan /ZhangYunQi)
Rationale:
This proposal focuses on the problem of traffic congestion in Kuala Lumpur, which is particularly severe during daily commutes, extreme weather events, and holiday peak travel periods. According to data from UKM and The Vibes (2025), the average annual time lost to congestion in the Klang Valley exceeds 500 hours. Local residents interviewed in this research have also voiced significant complaints about the persistent traffic congestion. Beyond wasting citizens’ time, traffic congestion exacerbates energy waste, as fuel or electricity is unnecessarily consumed while vehicles are idling. Addressing traffic congestion has therefore become an urgent priority for the city.
Research citations:
1. Xiangfu Road Elevated Expressway, Changsha
Barriers have been installed at frequently congested on-ramp entrances, with a “slow entry, fast exit” strategy implemented during peak hours. Intelligent traffic signals and isolation facilities are used to regulate merging traffic from on-ramps, avoiding instant saturation of the main expressway.
Observation posts are set up at merging sections to guide vehicles in merging in an orderly manner in real time, leading to a significant improvement in main-line traffic efficiency.
2. Yan’an Elevated Expressway, Shanghai
A dynamic on-ramp control system has been adopted, which automatically adjusts green-light durations according to real-time traffic flow on the main line. Traffic efficiency at entrance ramps has increased by approximately 20% during the morning peak.
3:Third Ring Road, Beijing
An entrance traffic volume early-warning mechanism has been established. When the main-line speed falls below 40 km/h, on-ramp flow restriction is automatically activated to prevent queuing overflow from disrupting ground-level traffic.
4:Intelligent Capacity Expansion of the “One Road, Three Bridges” Network, Jiangsu AI models are used to predict road network traffic volume. During holiday periods, control measures, including on-ramp closure and alternating traffic, are applied in advance at 18 sites. Despite a 14% rise in traffic volume, the average daily peak congestion mileage decreased by 31%.
Research citations:
1. Xiangfu Road Elevated Expressway, Changsha
Barriers have been installed at frequently congested on-ramp entrances, with a “slow entry, fast exit” strategy implemented during peak hours. Intelligent traffic signals and isolation facilities are used to regulate merging traffic from on-ramps, avoiding instant saturation of the main expressway.
Observation posts are set up at merging sections to guide vehicles in merging in an orderly manner in real time, leading to a significant improvement in main-line traffic efficiency.
2. Yan’an Elevated Expressway, Shanghai
A dynamic on-ramp control system has been adopted, which automatically adjusts green-light durations according to real-time traffic flow on the main line. Traffic efficiency at entrance ramps has increased by approximately 20% during the morning peak.
3:Third Ring Road, Beijing
An entrance traffic volume early-warning mechanism has been established. When the main-line speed falls below 40 km/h, on-ramp flow restriction is automatically activated to prevent queuing overflow from disrupting ground-level traffic.
4:Intelligent Capacity Expansion of the “One Road, Three Bridges” Network, Jiangsu AI models are used to predict road network traffic volume. During holiday periods, control measures, including on-ramp closure and alternating traffic, are applied in advance at 18 sites. Despite a 14% rise in traffic volume, the average daily peak congestion mileage decreased by 31%.
Sketch of 3 preliminary ideas :
1:Highway Toll Plazas Application Sketch By YaoYunYi
 |
| Figure 1. Highway Toll Plazas Application By YaoYunYi |
Figure 2. Highway Toll Plazas Application By YaoYunYi
Figure 3. Highway Toll Plazas Application By YaoYunYi
For Kuala Lumpur, we have designed a GPS-based smart route planning system that allows users to register their license plates, plan their routes and travel times in advance, and calculate and prepay tolls online. The system can integrate with license plate recognition technology (LPR Parking) already used in many parking lots, further streamlining vehicle access, toll payments, and parking fee payments. Unlike Singapore, it does not require topping up or scanning a card, avoiding issues such as card damage or insufficient balance, which helps reduce traffic congestion. All operations can be completed through the mobile app, and payments are automatically canceled if a user decides not to travel. The interface is intuitive, with multi-language guidance and data visualization, enhancing road efficiency and overall travel experience, while guiding citizens toward sustainable and inclusive smart mobility habits, laying the foundation for future urban traffic culture and smart city development.For users who suddenly change their route, the app allows them to pay any outstanding tolls at the next exit. The system also provides early alerts during peak hours and considers weather conditions to help users plan their trips more effectively. Regarding data privacy, no information will be disclosed to third parties; all data will be securely managed and controlled by the government’s transportation authorities.
2:Intelligent Bus Stop Sketch By ShenYiTong
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Figure 1. Intelligent Bus Stop By ShenYiTong |
It is adjusted locally in accordance with the high-temperature and rainy climate of Kuala Lumpur and the high dependence on private cars in the city:
•To adapt to the tropical climate, the focus is on enhancing the design for shading and rain protection
•Optimize the connection between the station and residential areas as well as rail transit
•Adjust the spacing between stations to respond to the urban structure where private cars are highly dependent
•Carry out elastic optimization within the existing site framework rather than large-scale new construction
2:Smart Adaptive Ramp Gate 2.0 By ZhangYunQi
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| Figure 1. Smart Adaptive Ramp Gate 2.0 BY ZhangYunQi |
Core Functions:
AI-Predictive Flow Limitation
Using cameras and historical traffic data, combined with weather conditions (frequent heavy rain in Malaysia), holiday schedules, and school start/end times, the system predicts mainline saturation 30 minutes in advance and responds accordingly by permitting or restricting entry.
Tiered Gating Control:
Vehicles are granted access by priority, including buses, ride-hailing cars, private cars, etc.
If drivers choose to travel during off-peak hours, take public transport, or follow diversion advice, the system rewards them with Traffic Credit Points.
These points can be redeemed for toll discounts, parking concessions, and partner fuel station discounts.
Vehicles are granted access by priority, including buses, ride-hailing cars, private cars, etc.
If drivers choose to travel during off-peak hours, take public transport, or follow diversion advice, the system rewards them with Traffic Credit Points.
These points can be redeemed for toll discounts, parking concessions, and partner fuel station discounts.
Safety-First Mode for Heavy Rain:
When heavy rain is detected, the system automatically reduces the on-ramp release frequency and carries out advance diversion, with synchronous prompts sent to navigation systems to activate the Safety-First Mode.
When heavy rain is detected, the system automatically reduces the on-ramp release frequency and carries out advance diversion, with synchronous prompts sent to navigation systems to activate the Safety-First Mode.
Intelligent Queue Length Control (Anti-Overflow)
Upgraded based on Beijing’s practice:
When the queue on the on-ramp exceeds the preset length, the system automatically suspends vehicle release, sends navigation diversion suggestions, and displays alternative routes on electronic screens to avoid queuing overflow from affecting ground-level roads.
Reference for 3 Proposal:
Visual Reference：
Visual Reference：
Proposal 1: Visual Reference of Citation 1
Proposal 1: Visual Reference of Citation 2
Proposal 1: Research & Study Reference
link：Proposal 1: Visual Reference of Citation 2
https://www.tomtom.com/traffic-index/city/kuala-lumpur
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Road_Pricing#/media/File:Electronic_Road_Pricing_gantry_in_Singapore.jpg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NHRHwuUn5vshttps://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201905/27/WS5ceb4df8a3104842260bdf4a.html
https://kubeedge.io/case-studies/chinahighways/
https://www.its-china.org.cn/ds/2307fc93a2.html?utm_sourcehttps://www.its-china.org.cn/ds/2307fc93a2.html?utm_source
 |
| Proposal 2:Visual Reference of Citation |
link：
http://xhslink.com/o/4uZKxVONWG0
http://xhslink.com/o/7FaC3DAqEbl
https://gd-hbimg.huaban.com/983c1755f6ee8c109a4679ace4cf7339c941af923b77f-YWHQbp_fw658webp
https://share.google/68EUf8hvuQeZ4nCHh
http://xhslink.com/o/25YBzUU0lCS
http://xhslink.com/o/4OYliASBb9m
http://xhslink.com/o/6Ltheo1I9LT
http://xhslink.com/o/4i7AoRBuVOr
Proposal 3：Visual Reference of MRR2
link：
https://img95.699pic.com/photo/32163/0783.jpg_wh300.jpg
https://th.bing.com/th/id/R.4ada7051e97921ed0e624059dbf48169?rik=%2fw3BMqhQVxIAug&riu=http%3a%2f%2fseopic.699pic.com%2fphoto%2f40007%2f2326.jpg_wh1200.jpg&ehk=0dXHw5cc0V2eHPFpgvxS6WeNJHb9tgKlN6p%2bZgzokTo%3d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0
Reference List :Proposal 1：
Ziet Invests. (2022, June 24). Why is Malaysia's Traffic SO BAD?. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ich2afTPdcs
Wiki, T. (2025, August 12). China Toll Roads Complete Guide: ETC System, Rates & Payment 2025. Toll Wiki. https://tollguru.com/china-toll? utm_source
https://www.its-china.org.cn/ds/2307fc93a2.html
https://www.tripeersxtransport.com/cn/services/sid/249721
Proposal 2：
https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2025/12/31/public-transport-in-greater-kl-functional-but-fragile-khazanah-research-institute-study-finds/203851
https://www.nst.com.my/amp/business/economy/2025/12/1347984/khazanah-research-study-reveals-hidden-weaknesses-public-transport
https://www.krinstitute.org/publications/greater-kuala-lumpur-mobilities-phase-1-public-transport-in-greater-kl-often-works-well-enough-to-use-but-fragile-enough-to-be-set-aside
https://www.enanyang.my/news/20250629/Nation/907568
https://www.orientaldaily.com.my/news/nation/2026/01/04/788032
https://www.krinstitute.org/press-release/greater-kuala-lumpur-mobilities-phase-1-public-transport-in-greater-kl-often-works-well-enough-to-use-but-fragile-enough-to-be-set-aside
https://www.tmb.cat/en/get-to-know-tmb/transport-network-improvements/new-bus-network/evolution
https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/ex/sustainablecitiescollective/stockholms-marvelous-mix-transit-modes/181711
https://www.climateaction.org/climate-leader-papers/urban_transport_in_denmark_efficient_and_innovative
https://www.businesstoday.com.my/2024/08/14/government-commits-for-40-public-transport-usage-by-2030
https://www.krinstitute.org/publications/greater-kuala-lumpur-mobilities-phase-1-public-transport-in-greater-kl-often-works-well-enough-to-use-but-fragile-enough-to-be-set-aside
https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2025/05/14/congestion-crisis-dpm-laments-low-25pc-public-transport-use-in-malaysia-compared-to-two-thirds-of-singaporeans/176705
https://www.wapcar.my/news/dbkl-6-mil-cars-on-kl-roads-every-day-but-only-1-mil-commuters-take-public-transport-68095
Proposal 3： https://www.klsescreener.com/v2/news/view/1671009/Slow_moving_traffic_reported_on_major_expressways_nationwide_as_of_noon_Tuesday
https://www.thevibes.com/articles/lifestyle/112260/klang-valley-commuters-lose-over-500-hours-a-year-to-traffic-congestion
https://www.caricarz.com/detail/amp/en/news/14-high-risk-roads-and-61-congested-areas-identified/16778
https://www.piarc.org/ressources/documents/actes-seminaires06/c14-malaisie06/8624,TS31-Omar-ppt.pdf
https://web-media.caricarz.com/2026/02/traffic-nightmare-hits-klang-valley-economy-feels-the-burn
https://www.klia2.info/trips/highways/mrr2-kuala-lumpur-middle-ring-road-2/
https://m.toutiao.com/group/7606167479354442249
https://news.changsha.cn/cslb/html/111874/20240416/171107.shtml
https://gaj.sh.gov.cn/shga/wzXxfbGj/detail?pa=27cfd74b74a64343a2744fa74bed4a4648cfde9d0462e4022d476b45a91b9936eb4fe329045827244f8d5649415718f
https://jtw.beijing.gov.cn/bmfw/
Wiki, T. (2025, August 12). China Toll Roads Complete Guide: ETC System, Rates & Payment 2025. Toll Wiki. https://tollguru.com/china-toll? utm_source
https://www.its-china.org.cn/ds/2307fc93a2.html
https://www.tripeersxtransport.com/cn/services/sid/249721
Proposal 2：
https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2025/12/31/public-transport-in-greater-kl-functional-but-fragile-khazanah-research-institute-study-finds/203851
https://www.nst.com.my/amp/business/economy/2025/12/1347984/khazanah-research-study-reveals-hidden-weaknesses-public-transport
https://www.krinstitute.org/publications/greater-kuala-lumpur-mobilities-phase-1-public-transport-in-greater-kl-often-works-well-enough-to-use-but-fragile-enough-to-be-set-aside
https://www.enanyang.my/news/20250629/Nation/907568
https://www.orientaldaily.com.my/news/nation/2026/01/04/788032
https://www.krinstitute.org/press-release/greater-kuala-lumpur-mobilities-phase-1-public-transport-in-greater-kl-often-works-well-enough-to-use-but-fragile-enough-to-be-set-aside
https://www.tmb.cat/en/get-to-know-tmb/transport-network-improvements/new-bus-network/evolution
https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/ex/sustainablecitiescollective/stockholms-marvelous-mix-transit-modes/181711
https://www.climateaction.org/climate-leader-papers/urban_transport_in_denmark_efficient_and_innovative
https://www.businesstoday.com.my/2024/08/14/government-commits-for-40-public-transport-usage-by-2030
https://www.krinstitute.org/publications/greater-kuala-lumpur-mobilities-phase-1-public-transport-in-greater-kl-often-works-well-enough-to-use-but-fragile-enough-to-be-set-aside
https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2025/05/14/congestion-crisis-dpm-laments-low-25pc-public-transport-use-in-malaysia-compared-to-two-thirds-of-singaporeans/176705
https://www.wapcar.my/news/dbkl-6-mil-cars-on-kl-roads-every-day-but-only-1-mil-commuters-take-public-transport-68095
Proposal 3： https://www.klsescreener.com/v2/news/view/1671009/Slow_moving_traffic_reported_on_major_expressways_nationwide_as_of_noon_Tuesday
https://www.thevibes.com/articles/lifestyle/112260/klang-valley-commuters-lose-over-500-hours-a-year-to-traffic-congestion
https://www.caricarz.com/detail/amp/en/news/14-high-risk-roads-and-61-congested-areas-identified/16778
https://www.piarc.org/ressources/documents/actes-seminaires06/c14-malaisie06/8624,TS31-Omar-ppt.pdf
https://web-media.caricarz.com/2026/02/traffic-nightmare-hits-klang-valley-economy-feels-the-burn
https://www.klia2.info/trips/highways/mrr2-kuala-lumpur-middle-ring-road-2/
https://m.toutiao.com/group/7606167479354442249
https://news.changsha.cn/cslb/html/111874/20240416/171107.shtml
https://gaj.sh.gov.cn/shga/wzXxfbGj/detail?pa=27cfd74b74a64343a2744fa74bed4a4648cfde9d0462e4022d476b45a91b9936eb4fe329045827244f8d5649415718f
https://jtw.beijing.gov.cn/bmfw/
Task 2:Field Study Data Collection (Week 4-Week 5)
Based on the three proposals in Task 1, we chose two to continue investigating and researching:
The Intelligent Bus Stop
The Smart Adaptive Ramp Gate 2.0
Interview Video Of The Primary Bus Stop
Interviewer: YaoYunYi/Faiqa Roshan
Note:
We interviewed seven people about the issues at the bus stops and presented our improved design drawings. All respondents expressed that they liked our bus stop design and provided us with additional suggestions.
Interview Picture Of The Primary Bus Stop
Photographer: ShenYiTong /MiaoShiKai
Note:
For this field study, we conducted on-site observations at several bus stops in Kuala Lumpur. The selected locations include two bus stops in the KLCC area: Go KL Bus Stop (Purple Line) and Bukit Bintang Bus Stop (Pavilion Area). We also visited Sunway Pyramid Bus Stop and Greenfield Bus Stop. Regarding the bus stop near our school, we found that some of its design elements were visually appealing and could potentially be adopted in our own project, so we documented those aspects as well. During our site visits, we mainly photographed the seating, canopy structures, lighting systems, display boards, and the surrounding environment of each bus stop.
Survey link:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1DyO2Ow0_T_2hXluG65cZgvP0KBwbQnmIHJHNDeOwoZc/edit
Survey Data of Bus Stop:
However, when respondents were asked whether they would be willing to take the bus if the bus stop environment were improved, 77.4% answered positively. This result clearly demonstrates that the quality of infrastructure plays a crucial role in influencing transportation choices. It suggests that enhancing comfort, accessibility, and information clarity at bus stops could effectively encourage more residents to shift from private vehicles to public transport.
Overall, the findings indicate that our proposed design has gained support from the majority of respondents. In addition, many participants offered constructive feedback and practical suggestions to address the limitations of our proposal. These insights are valuable for refining the design and ensuring it better meets users’ needs. Therefore, improving bus stop facilities appears to be a feasible and impactful strategy for promoting public transport usage and alleviating urban traffic congestion.
Interview Video Of The Auxiliary Ramp
Interviewer: WangYuHan /ZhangYunQi
Note:
Among the five individuals we interviewed, three respondents indicated that the proposed ramp system would not be feasible and instead suggested widening existing roads as a more practical solution. Additionally, we learned that the government had previously attempted to implement a similar plan, but it was ultimately unsuccessful.Based on our research findings, establishing a ramp system on major highways may not effectively resolve traffic congestion. On the contrary, it could potentially worsen traffic conditions, particularly at merging and exit points. Therefore, this auxiliary proposal may face significant challenges in practical implementation and may not be suitable for execution under the current road planning conditions.
Task 3:Final Project & Portfolio (Week 6- Week7)
Task 2 Report:
Continue to study:
Based on the Task 2 data report, we further analyzed the findings and updated our initial draft to make it more complete and refined. Combining the assumptions and discussions from Task 1, our group selected the Intelligent Bus Stop as the main research focus to address traffic congestion in Kuala Lumpur. Based on the insights gained, our design model uses the Bukit Bintang Bus Stop as the reference site.
To enhance the station’s aesthetics and comfort, we incorporated local cultural elements and ergonomically designed seating. To address the issue of private vehicles occupying bus stop spaces, as highlighted in the report, we implemented a Chinese-style intelligent parking lock system to ensure proper management and safety of the parking areas.
Final Sketch Of The Bus Stop:
During our field study, we observed that private vehicles were often parked indiscriminately at bus stops, causing buses to be blocked and affecting passengers’ boarding and alighting. To address this issue, we referred to China’s Parking Space Lock technology, which effectively prevents unauthorized vehicles from occupying parking spaces. We plan to apply this technology to the bus system, which will both prevent private vehicles from blocking bus stops and ensure the smooth operation of buses.
We observed that many bus stop users are elderly passengers. Seating with backrest support helps improve comfort during longer waiting times.
To make our station design more in line with local culture, we looked up some information about traditional Malaysian culture, such as roofs, patterns, and the national flower of Malaysia.
During our field study, we observed that private vehicles were often parked indiscriminately at bus stops, causing buses to be blocked and affecting passengers’ boarding and alighting. To address this issue, we referred to China’s Parking Space Lock technology, which effectively prevents unauthorized vehicles from occupying parking spaces. We plan to apply this technology to the bus system, which will both prevent private vehicles from blocking bus stops and ensure the smooth operation of buses.
Sketch of Reference：
Ergonomic Seating:https://yalau.com/products/8-foot-composite-park-bench-gray-iron-and-cast-iron
https://startsafety.uk/cdn/shop/files/autopa-drayton-backless-bench-cast-in-galvanised-steel-main.jpg?v=1722385636&width=2400
Peranakan Baba Nyonya:https://ca.pinterest.com/pin/406661041375125858/feedback/?invite_code=ad7d2b9c141945e4a21ea015a023097a&sender_id=1015069340921544106
Hibiscus roseus:https://dealsarawak.com/index.php?route=cms/blog.info&language=en-gb&article_id=4047%20https://zh-
RumahGadang:https://www.mytravel.my/%E6%99%AF%E9%BB%9E%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%B9?journal_blog_post_id=100
https://startsafety.uk/cdn/shop/files/autopa-drayton-backless-bench-cast-in-galvanised-steel-main.jpg?v=1722385636&width=2400
Peranakan Baba Nyonya:https://ca.pinterest.com/pin/406661041375125858/feedback/?invite_code=ad7d2b9c141945e4a21ea015a023097a&sender_id=1015069340921544106
Hibiscus roseus:https://dealsarawak.com/index.php?route=cms/blog.info&language=en-gb&article_id=4047%20https://zh-
RumahGadang:https://www.mytravel.my/%E6%99%AF%E9%BB%9E%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%B9?journal_blog_post_id=100
Parking Lock System:https://www.ubuy.com.my/en/product/JG701JAVG-automatic-remote-control-parking-lock-parking-barrier-parking-space-blocker-parking-spot-blocker-parking-lock-folding-parking-barrier-for-home?ref=hm-google-redirect
Draft Line Design by Zhangyunqi
Function of the Bus Station:
• Roof with Traditional Malaysian Elements
Considering the hot and rainy climate in Malaysia, we design a large protective canopy for the bus stop. It is constructed with TPO, polyurethane, and heat-insulating UV-protective coating to provide reliable protection against strong sunlight and heavy rain. At the same time, architectural features from traditional Malay roofs are integrated into the design, enhancing the local cultural identity of the bus stop.
Considering the hot and rainy climate in Malaysia, we design a large protective canopy for the bus stop. It is constructed with TPO, polyurethane, and heat-insulating UV-protective coating to provide reliable protection against strong sunlight and heavy rain. At the same time, architectural features from traditional Malay roofs are integrated into the design, enhancing the local cultural identity of the bus stop.
• Electronic Information Board and Advertising Panel
The electronic information screen is a core component of this design. During our field study, many passengers reported that information at existing bus stops was unclear, including ambiguous bus routes and a lack of real-time arrival information.
We install an electronic information screen that displays all routes serving this stop and provides real-time estimated arrival times for approaching buses, greatly improving the convenience and efficiency of passenger travel.
As an additional aesthetic and functional feature, the advertising panel enhances the visual appearance of the bus stop while providing opportunities for commercial advertising.
The electronic information screen is a core component of this design. During our field study, many passengers reported that information at existing bus stops was unclear, including ambiguous bus routes and a lack of real-time arrival information.
We install an electronic information screen that displays all routes serving this stop and provides real-time estimated arrival times for approaching buses, greatly improving the convenience and efficiency of passenger travel.
As an additional aesthetic and functional feature, the advertising panel enhances the visual appearance of the bus stop while providing opportunities for commercial advertising.
• Ergonomic Seating
Ergonomic design is increasingly important in modern design, as it prioritises user comfort and experience. According to our survey, middle-aged and elderly passengers account for a large proportion of daily bus users.
We install ergonomically designed seating to improve passenger comfort during waiting periods.
• Solar-Powered Fans and Lighting
To further enhance safety and comfort, we install fans and lighting at the bus stop. Notably, these facilities adopt a hybrid solar-mains power supply system.
Solar panels are installed on top of the main canopy to provide electricity under normal weather conditions. On rainy days or when solar power is insufficient, the system automatically switches to mains power, ensuring stable and continuous operation.
• Accessible Ramp
To accommodate passengers with reduced mobility, including wheelchair users, we replace traditional steps with a gently sloped ramp. This design improves accessibility and allows safer, easier movement for all users.
Ergonomic design is increasingly important in modern design, as it prioritises user comfort and experience. According to our survey, middle-aged and elderly passengers account for a large proportion of daily bus users.
We install ergonomically designed seating to improve passenger comfort during waiting periods.
• Solar-Powered Fans and Lighting
To further enhance safety and comfort, we install fans and lighting at the bus stop. Notably, these facilities adopt a hybrid solar-mains power supply system.
Solar panels are installed on top of the main canopy to provide electricity under normal weather conditions. On rainy days or when solar power is insufficient, the system automatically switches to mains power, ensuring stable and continuous operation.
• Accessible Ramp
To accommodate passengers with reduced mobility, including wheelchair users, we replace traditional steps with a gently sloped ramp. This design improves accessibility and allows safer, easier movement for all users.
Colour of Sketch by Shenyitong
Based on the field investigation in Task 2, we gathered suggestions and made improvements to the station facilities by adding:
• Fans
• Rain shelters
• Ergonomic chair&more seats
• Clear bus stop signs
• Intelligent locks
The sketches were created using AI, Photoshop (PS), and Procreate.
Reflection:
(Week1-Week3)
Experience: Organized by the teacher, we first completed free group division. After understanding the task requirements, we selected the research topic and put forward three preliminary proposals. Subsequently, in accordance with our division of labor, we sorted out and improved the relevant content and included it in the Task 1 PowerPoint presentation. Our supervisor, Max, reviewed the three proposals in Task 1 and provided targeted feedback. Based on the feedback, we adjusted the research focus and finally confirmed three core proposals: Highway Toll Plazas App, Intelligent Bus Stop, and Smart Adaptive Ramp Gate 2.0. We revised and improved the Task 1 presentation and completed the recording of the presentation video.
Observations : Local Road Conditions in Malaysia
Findings: The transportation system and road design in Malaysia still have many shortcomings and areas for improvement.
(Week4-Week5)
Experience: This week, we conducted a Field Study. Based on the two selected proposals, we carried out data collection through questionnaires, on-site interviews, and field photography to gain an in-depth understanding of the actual situation and user needs, and revised and optimized the proposals accordingly. Based on the data analysis results in Task 3, we adjusted and refined our research again, supplemented relevant materials (such as design sketches), and further improved the research results.
Observations : Local Feedback on Our Sketches
Findings: Our bus stop design received positive feedback from most respondents. However, our ramp design sketches were almost unanimously rejected. This was because we did not fully consider the differences in road structures across regions, and directly applying solutions from China was not suitable for the local context in Malaysia.
(Week5-Week6)
Experience: We completed the collation and submission of all final project outcomes, including: Blog, Task 3 PowerPoint presentation, and presentation video recording.
Observations : Current Conditions of Local Bus Stops
Findings: Existing bus stops in the area have obvious defects and incomplete functions. A good design must be human-centred, taking into account users, practical feasibility, and the local environment comprehensively.
Feedback:
Week1: Organized by the teacher, we first completed free group division. After understanding the task requirements, we selected the research topic and put forward three preliminary proposals. Subsequently, in accordance with our division of labor, we sorted out and improved the relevant content and included it in the Task 1 PowerPoint presentation.
Week2: Our supervisor, Max, reviewed the three proposals in Task 1 and provided targeted feedback. Based on the feedback, we adjusted the research focus and finally confirmed three core proposals: Highway Toll Plazas App, Intelligent Bus Stop, and Smart Adaptive Ramp Gate 2.0.
Week3: We revised and improved the Task 1 presentation and completed the recording of the presentation video.
Week4: This week, we conducted a Field Study. Based on the two selected proposals, we carried out data collection through questionnaires, on-site interviews, and field photography to gain an in-depth understanding of the actual situation and user needs, and revised and optimized the proposals accordingly.
Week5: Based on the data analysis results in Task 3, we adjusted and refined our research again, supplemented relevant materials (such as design sketches), and further improved the research results.
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